Primary Standards:
MAFS.4.OA.2.4: Investigate factors and multiples.
a. Find all factor pairs for a whole number in the range 1-100.
b. Recognize that a whole number is a multiple of each of its factors. Determine whether a given whole number in the range 1-100 is a multiple of a given one-digit number.
c. Determine whether a given whole number in the range 1-100 is prime or composite.
Connecting Standards:
MAFS.4.OA.3.5: Generate a number or shape pattern that follows a given rule. Identify apparent features of the pattern that were not explicit in the rule itself. For example, given the rule “Add 3” and the starting number 1, generate terms in the resulting sequence and observe that the terms appear to alternate between odd and even numbers. Explain informally why the numbers will continue to alternate in this way.
Content Knowledge:
In 3rd grade, students focused on becoming fluent with basic multiplication and division facts. They will connect this understanding as they explore factors and multiples. Exploring factors and multiples helps students gain a deeper understanding of numbers and our number system. They notice important differences between numbers as they compare prime and composite numbers and recognize similarities between numbers as they explore multiples and factors of numbers.
It is important to provide opportunities for students to use concrete materials, such as: color tile arrays, hundred charts, grid paper, and fact tables to discover patterns. To develop a deeper understanding, students should provide explanations and generalizations for the patterns they identify. Along with understanding the number concepts, students’ understanding of the appropriate vocabulary terms (e.g. multiple, factor, product, prime, composite) allows them to precisely communicate their number understandings. Continued attention to these words through discussions and interactive vocabulary activities ensures that students have an understanding with the meanings of the terms.
GCG 1 – Learning Goal: As a mathematician, I can Identify and determine multiples of given single-digit numbers MAFS.4.OA.2.4b
- Step 1: Describe how multiples are related to multiplication
- Step 2: Use skip counting, products, or patterning to determine multiples of a given digit
- Step 3: Identify whether a number is a multiple of a given digit (e.g. is 27 a multiple of 3?)
GCG 2 – Learning Goal: As a mathematician, I can Identify and determine factors of numbers within 100 MAFS.4.OA.2.4a
- Step 1: Use an array model to find factor pairs of a given value within 100
- Step 2: Find all factor pairs of a given value within 100
- Step 3: Identify common factors of two numbers
GCG 3 – Learning Goal: As a mathematician, I can Identify and Justify Why a Number is Prime or Composite MAFS.4.OA.2.4c
